Energy budgeting and life cycle assessment of cashew cultivation under different planting densities

Energy budgeting is important for determining the sustainability and vulnerability of a crop production system. In present study, an assessment energy requirements cashew cultivation under three different planting densities was carried out during 2015-20. The study revealed that total input consumption ranged from 75292.68 to 120903.58 MJ/ha. productivity 0.04 0.13 kg/MJ use efficiency varied 8.46 24.61% densities. highest consumed in terms chemical fertilizers all followed by fuel (diesel), machinery, farmyard manure (FYM), pesticides, petrol human energy. analysis need implement improved management practices enhance reducing inputs, optimizing and/or improving yield methods switching non-renewable sources renewable Among densities, 2.5x2.5 m spacing 5x5 7.5x7.5m spacing. However, density more efficient over years due yields per unit area.